Consumption and Production of Culture Free Essays

string(96) as long as it remains in style, which is until the following new thing, which happens all the time. Presentation The middle for Contemporary social examinations (CCCS) has been scrutinized intensely about how it discusses youth subcultures. I will show how youth subcultures have been seen by scholars and afterward show why it has been censured through those scholars. Every subculture combined structure the entire network and brings their individual uniqueness into it. We will compose a custom article test on Utilization and Production of Culture or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now A person’s subculture is otherwise called their parent subculture, which is the way of life they have a place with through what style they partner with. Cohen recommends that common laborers youth subcultures, â€Å"live out a sort of representative or mystical occupation†¦their guardians had once called their own†. He additionally puts the thought over that the subculture an adolescent is in is a â€Å"compromise†. Every subculture is the creation of what youth’s guardians subcultures were. They take two different subcultures for instance â€Å"mods† and â€Å"rockers† and another subculture can be shaped. As this new subculture would take indistinguishable convictions and interests from the other two so the adolescent could at present be related from that of the roots of what their parent’s subcultures were. The predominant culture is the general accord, wherein the vast majority inside a network acknowledge the subculture and r eceive the standards and qualities inside. Every one of these thoughts are taken from Gelder, 2005. Subcultures can be taken as a type of obstruction as some can be utilized as a demonstration of insubordination. I accept that a few adolescents need to act and dress distinctively to what their folks need them to do, so they do the direct inverse. A subculture can in the end be consolidated into standard, regular day to day existence once it is known and acknowledged by the prevailing society and is then taken into regular daily existence. â€Å" Eventually, the mods, the punks, the sparkle rockers can be fused, brought once more into line, situated on the favored ‘map of risky social reality’ ( Geertz 1964) at where young men in lipstick are ‘just kids dressing up’, where young ladies in elastic dresses are ‘daughters simply like yours’† (Hebdige). This shows despite the fact that when it begins, it may be viewed as not part of the standard, yet it can in the end be consolidated into the standard and is in the long run acknowledged by the general public. Hebdige (1988) thoughts are along a similar line as Marxists thoughts. They have the thoughts that every subculture takes a thing or protest and can change its significance, by how they make it look. He takes a gander at the significance of the styles every subculture wears. To discover the importance of the British youth subcultures before the war he utilized semiotics to get them. The implications of the signs were deciphered utilizing this technique. Each word or item inside a culture has a particular significance in it. Hebdige had the option to realize what each item intended to every individual gathering of individuals. Hebdige accepts a subculture in two structures can take a procedure of recovery. One being that of the signs wherein are engaged with the subculture and making them into objects which are mass created and can help make the subculture progressively mainstream. Additionally there is the ideological structure which any degenerate conduct is named and reclassified by the predominant gatherings. Inside a subculture Hebdige accepts there must be two inquiries posed, which must be addressed once the importance of style is known better. One being â€Å"how does a subculture understand its members?† and the following being â€Å"how is it made to imply disorder?† Both of these inquiries are offered an explanation to show how a subculture can be imparted between its self and the media. Material merchandise can be critical to specific gatherings as they are representative to their own subcultures. They have explicit implications for various things and they are nostalgic for them. Inside a subculture it isn't only the material products related with it that make it, it is likewise the language that particular gathering employments. Between certain subcultures there can be various dialects rising between them. Additionally various words can mean various things for every subculture. At the point when subcultures combine whatever the implications of their images consolidate and make new implications and expand on what was there previously. Various subcultures can be over underscored by the media. The media can uncover them and carry them into the open eye more. They can bring over the thought on what a subculture is; can talk about them decidedly or adversely. They can impact every other person in the network just by what they think. The media however for the most part consistently will in general bring things across adversely, which I believe is stunning as I accept everybody has a privilege to what they believe is correct. A few subcultures are not generally put across as benevolent gatherings. Some are put across adversely and that is the main side that is appeared of them. Soccer law breakers are put across as being terrible and some of the time related with being creatures. I figure these sorts of gatherings do one thing terrible and they generally get seen contrarily. Nobody ever searches for the positives inside them. Tony Jefferson (1976) likewise investigated the region of youth subculture. He for the most part investigates Teddy young men or Teds, which were related with endeavoring to reproduce the average workers network. They consolidated to battle for their own region and constructed a feeling of dedication between one another. Jefferson saw what was occurring as a feeling of them purchasing their own status. They began wearing things which were worn by classes higher up, with the expectation that with them currently wearing them, they get seen as a higher status. From this it would appear that they couldn't acknowledge who they had gotten because of their region being under danger and felt they needed to do whatever they could to repurchase their status. This all happened on the grounds that their own domain had become under danger from urban organizers. Every subculture will in general be fleeting and might be around for whatever length of time that it remains in design, which is until the following new thing, which happens constantly. You read Utilization and Production of Culture in class Exposition models So as far as political potential, it is low as they don't stay sufficiently long to have a large enough effect to get power created. In spite of the fact that a subculture’s profile is effectively lifted by the assistance of the media, this kicks a specific culture off and make a name for them. Especially during the 50s, the hour of punks, rockers, the prominent subcultures, the Government attempted to get subcultures discarded, by emphatically saying the worker's guilds would be removed. Rather they needed the family unit advanced and didn't need anybody having their own uniqueness. The issue with every subculture is that creation organizations need to cook for every individual style. They produce whatever is in design and change it at whatever point the subculture changes. Every subculture is continually changing and expanding on what it as of now has. A few subcultures even wind up converging to shape another culture, which again has its own uniqueness about it. As said previously, the CCCS is reprimanded, one is that they will in general go towards ‘rigidly vertical models’ (Stahl 2004). They regularly don’t consider factors like age, race and sexual orientation. Additionally class all around is utilized uniquely to clarify the adolescent subcultures. Hebdige uses common laborers to basically portray the subcultures in his reports. He additionally utilizes the impacts of race to see how some British subcultures, for example, punks, have risen throughout the years. Another zone which is reprimanded is that of the reality where the male scholars work, for example, Willis and Hebdige, are undetectable of young ladies. Angela McRobbie has expounded on the reality they disregard females in their clarification of youth subcultures. The male writer’s consistently center essentially around the guys inside a subculture. The females simply get disregarded and don’t have any impact on the ascending of how they see a subculture. Angela McRobbie and Jenny Garber center around female adolescents inside a subculture. They center around females since the various scholars simply center around the male populace. From that however you can't get a full portrayal of what a subculture is, as it doesn't take a gander at the entire populace. McRobbie takes a gander at the reasons why they don't take a gander at females. That they may be seen as discrete and not be viewed so a lot. They may have a subculture which isn't seen by the network and the media. Albeit them two thought that young ladies played to a lesser degree a section in a subculture, yet accepted this was down to the way that during this time it was predominantly male strength and the young ladies didn't have a major job right now. They accept that fundamentally those little youngsters are diverse to young men. That is the reason they accept that shrouded some place is subcultures for those females. I accept that the male subcultures were simply featured as it was male scholars directing it and they essentially looked between the male predominance sides. There were most likely female subcultures similarly as large, yet they were not as persuasive or featured by the media so much. The media didn't get them. This is a major ruin in the zone of subcultures, as it doesn't show the master plan. The speculations that are put opposite the CCCS and Hebdige are not generally on indistinguishable levels from Marxists. They tend not to concur with them and dismissal them. They accept they don’t assess how significant the financial base is and the reality it shapes our way of life. Another issue with Hebdige’s work was there was no proof that proposes that what he advances is very the individuals inside those subcultures decipher it themselves. He doesnâ�

Zimbabwe Ruins free essay sample

Known as the spot of the Sun People, the Great Zimbabwe Ruins have for quite some time been ascribed to a Lost Civilisation who, as indicated by High Sanusi Credo Mutwa, were a leftover of a complex marine human advancement. Lying in the inside of tropical southern Africa are several stone remains Zimbabwe has the best grouping of ancient stone workmanship on the planet; fine compositions of creatures and individuals in regular daily existence, custom and fantasy, are dispersed about the rock developments that pepper the nation, seen most effectively at Matopos Hills. The stone vestiges from the antiquated states that once held area on this incredible level †Great Zimbabwe is only the most popular of a few hundred buildings. The biggest of them, arranged close Masvingo (recently called Fort Victoria), were referred to in the sixteenth century as Symbaoe; later they were known as the Zimbabwe Ruins. They comprise of a post on a slope, nicknamed the Acropolis, and a circular sanctuary currently alluded to as Great Zimbabwe. All structures were unroofed, and were built utilizing dry-stone walling procedures, I. e. ithout any concrete or mortar, implying that the stone blocks must be deliberately formed and cut in order to fit together like a jigsaw puzzle. The Great Zimbabwe Ruins are probably the biggest and most old structures in sub-Saharan Africa. Appraisals are that the city housed upwards of 18,000 occupants at its pinnacle. Assembled totally of stone, the principle ruins range more than 7km2. Its everything in the name †¦ In the primary hypothesis, the word Zimbabwe could be a short structure for ziimba remabwe or ziimba rebwe, a Shona (tongue: chiKaranga) term, which implies the incredible or enormous house worked of stone rocks. In the Karanga vernacular of the Shona language, imba implies a house or a structure and ziimba, or zimba, mean a gigantic/huge structure or house. The word bwe or ibwe (solitary, plural being mabwe) in the Karanga vernacular methods a stone rock. In this way, an etymological examination of the word Zimbabwe obviously demonstrates that the cause of the word alludes to the antiquated city of Great Zimbabwe whose colossal structures were worked of stone rocks. The Karanga-communicating in Shona individuals are found around Great Zimbabwe in the odern-day area of Masvingo and have been known to have possessed the district since the structure of this old city. A subsequent hypothesis is that Zimbabwe is a contracted type of dzimba woye which means revered houses in the Zezuru vernacular of the Shona language. This term is generally held for boss houses or graves. It ought to likewise be noticed that the Zezuru-communicating in Shona individuals are found toward the North-East of Great Zi mbabwe, somewhere in the range of 500 km away. A third hypothesis is that Zimbabwe originates from the Shona dzimba dza mabwe significance places of stone, alluding to the vestiges of Great Zimbabwe Human culture returns a huge number of years. Ancient contacts with southeast Africa It is past debate that the Indian Ocean, including quite a bit of its African coastline, has been gone for a long time or more. For example, there is a record of Phoenicians circumnavigating Africa in around 600 BC. Proof that a mass movement from the East Indies to Madagascar occurred numerous hundreds of years prior is given by the connection among Malay and a primary language of that island. Middle Easterner brokers were visiting Zanzibar and Dar-es-Salaam before the start of the Christian period, and around 60 AD the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea (in Greek) was accumulated as a manual for East African, Arab and Indian mariners. Specifically, it has been contended that the Fire Islands referenced there, could well have been the volcanic Comoro gathering, since they are put at the passageway to the Channel. The portrayal in the Periplus proceeds with further southwards, despite the fact that names of waterways and harbors can never again be related to assurance. The gold of old Zimbabwe Many a huge number of ancient gold-operations are dispersed round the previous domain of Southern Rhodesia over a territory, truth be told, like that containing the vestiges. A few estimations demonstrate that in excess of 20 million ounces were extricated. Exploiters of such wealth regularly lean toward not to uncover their source, so it is very tenable that the greater part of it wound up in the northern side of the equator. Indeed, in the 6th century AD, Cosmas Indicopleustes of Alexandria alluded to gold obtained in terms of professional career with southeast Africa (where winter happened during northern half of the globe summer); so did Masudi and Ibn Al Wardy in the tenth century when it was evidently being sent out from an Arab exchanging post at Sofala (on the coast, east of the Zimbabwe Ruins: the advanced retreat there still conveys the old name). That gold could without much of a stretch have been first identified in alluvial mud at the mouth of the Zambezi stream, and maybe additionally in the Sabi. Foundation Human advancement in antiquated Zimbabwe accomplished a level far better than that of different regions involved by Bantu-talking people groups. A few dividers were ten meters high; many fused chevron, herringbone or checkered examples. A lot of steps driving into the fundamental sanctuary comprises a genuine masterpiece: each course bends out of the flanking dividers into the passageway, with the entrance of the bends expanding as the means are rose. The city dividers were built utilizing dry-stone procedures, with rock stones being deliberately formed for an exact fit. The story goes that the thirteenth century mambo (ruler), was answerable for these celebrated mortarless dividers. It was to him that the individuals paid tribute in stone and added a little bit at a time to the guarded structures. Thus, the ruler was nicknamed the stone man and upon his demise a soul medium cut a stylised winged animal picture out of stone. This has become a national image of current Zimbabwe and is found in each side of the road knick-knack assortment. The first seven cut flying creatures exhumed from the valley walled in areas, would now be able to be seen at the exhibition hall. The city comprises of three particular auxiliary gatherings and was announced a World Heritage Site in 1986. The three buildings are: the Acropolis (or Hill Complex), the Valley Enclosures and the Great Enclosure. The Acropolis on the slope was the illustrious walled in area. In all likely this structure was fabricated first and there is proof recommending that it was involved for a long time The most unmistakable part is the Great Enclosure and theory has it this was the imperial collection of mistresses, a reality that makes the structure even more noteworthy, regardless of whether just flippantly so. The occupants of early Zimbabwe were gifted water engineers, building dams taking care of courses and water system channels. Routinely dispersed porches, which can even now be seen today, were cut into slopes in the upper east of Zimbabwe (where precipitation is similarly high, making this area appropriate for horticulture). The old gold mines, as well, required a proportion of building ability, containing level just as profound vertical shafts. Heaters, pots and instruments found at different destinations show that the gold adornments and gems going with them, were created locally. Topography Incredible Zimbabwe has a decent moderate atmosphere and fine ripe soil, with a tenable situation. The city is situated in south eastern Africa between Botswana, Zambia and Mozambique. There are waterways moving through Great Zimbabwe just as caverns with San works of art which are like cavern artistic creations. There is an acropolis and the Hill complex. The Valley Enclosures and the Great Enclosures are additionally arranged in Great Zimbabwe. The People The individuals of Great Zimbabwe were a clan of Shona individuals. There were likewise Bantu individuals who were either Khoisan pilgrims or foreigners from Central Africa. Their religion was that they had confidence in two sorts of spirits Shave spirits and Vadzimu spirits. The Shave spirits are associated with neighboring individuals and the Vadzimu spirits are viewed as like progenitor spirits. The individuals likewise trusted in great and awful spirits. The awful spirits have to do with black magic while the positive feelings may motivate singular gifts alongside mending, music, or aesthetic capacity. They accepted that they could bring the spirits of their precursors by accomplishing something like black magic. They likewise did conventional moves. The most noteworthy of Great Zimbabwes dividers take off 32 feet over the encompassing savanna. Structures and Buildings The radiant structures were worked by the Shona individuals of Great Zimbabwe. The Great Enclosure is the most noteworthy of all the stone structures. All the stone structures in Great Zimbabwe were developed with rock squares and incredibly without the utilization of mortar. This complex of remains from which the advanced country of Zimbabwe took its name is gotten from the Shona word dzimba dza mabwe importance places of stone. There is an Upper Enclosure and a Lower Enclosure. The huge stone dividers were worked for the ruler and furthermore for safeguard. There were likewise stone monuments (stone towers) in the Upper Enclosure. Every one of the stone monuments once bore a cut Zimbabwe winged animal, which represented force. Soapstone Birds notwithstanding engineering, Great Zimbabwes most renowned masterpieces are the eight feathered creatures cut of soapstone that were found in its remnants. The winged creatures overcome segments in excess of a yard tall and are themselves on normal sixteen inches tall. The models consolidate both human and avian components, subbing human highlights like lips for a nose and five-toed feet for hooks. Exhumed when the new century rolled over, it is realized that six of the models originated from the Eastern Enclosure of the Hill complex, however lamentably their exact plan must be construed. Researchers have recommended that the winged creatures filled in as tokens of imperial power, maybe speaking to the predecessors of Great Zimbabwes rulers. In spite of the fact that their exact centrality is as yet obscure, these figures stay incredible images of rule in the cutting edge time, embellishing the banner of Zimbabwe as national seals. Archeologists In the nineteenth century, a youthful German paleologist named Ca

Performance Measures and Communicating Performance Expectations to Garcia Meyer Center

Execution Measures and Communicating Performance Expectations to Garcia Meyer Center This paper will recognize execution gauges that can be utilized to assess a potential overseeing chief responsible for activity. What's more, the paper will likewise take a gander at ways the directorate can impart their exhibition expectations.Advertising We will compose a custom report test on Performance Measures and Communicating Performance Expectations to Garcia Meyer Center explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More As an expert recruited by the governing body of Gracia Meyer Center I have built up a strategy that can be utilized in recognizing execution gauges and convey execution desires for the new overseeing chief. One of the strategies that can be utilized in recognizing execution measures and conveying them to the potential overseeing chief is the top-down executive assessment device. Gracia Meyer Center is non-benefit association with a governing body from various foundations. In this manner, the top managerial staff will be fit for assessing the new oversee ing chief from a viewpoint that favors the accomplishment of the association. For the most part, the top managerial staff should search for an overseeing executive accountable for tasks who can accomplish the objectives of the association, solid initiative abilities, and sound money related administration (Davila, Epstein Shelton, 2005). In top-down chief assessment instrument, the leading body of executive should asses and see whether the potential overseeing chief responsible for activities best accommodates their pre-decided jobs as specified in Gracia Meyer Center Charter. The board ought to likewise evaluate the capability of the new overseeing executive to release his/her obligations mindfully. Concerning this, the board can survey the adequacy of the executive in planning and managing staff, actualizing hierarchical objectives, and responsibility. This can be resolved from the manner in which the potential overseeing chief adds to the conversations during the meeting, his/her insight into business method, and obligation as far as administration. In top-down executive assessment instrument, respectability and certainty is a key fixing to powerful presentation of an overseeing chief. Being a non-benefit association offering social types of assistance to people living with HIV/AIDS, the honesty of its overseeing chief is urgent for the accomplishment of the association. Furthermore, Gracia Meyer Center has a yearly spending plan of seventeen million acquired from the administration and different partners. Along these lines, the uprightness of its overseeing chief who will be accountable for activities incorporating money is urgent in guaranteeing that assets are not abused (Davila, Epstein Shelton, 2005). The directorate of Gracia Meyer Center should realize that a capable overseeing executive has aptitudes that will empower the person in question to successfully regulate the association, give exact and cutting-edge fiscal summaries when required, and have the option to compose the executives reports to the governing body on a standard basis.Advertising Looking for report on business financial aspects? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Top-down executive assessment apparatus additionally looks to assess the accessibility and availability of the overseeing chief to both staff and the directorate. A compelling overseeing executive ought to have the option to address the inquiries raised by representatives and the governing body in a successful, auspicious, and polite way. The board ought to likewise evaluate the capability of the overseeing chief to decide if he/she has the correct relational abilities. This is on the grounds that great correspondence could the board in future to know whether the overseeing chief is releasing his/her duties successfully, and whether he/she is leading subsequent meet-ups. The top managerial staff ought to likewise realize that a decent overseeing ex ecutive responsible for activities ought to comprehend the perspectives on the partners (Garratt, 2003). Gracia Meyer Center is an association that relies upon different partners for financing. The partners have certain desires, on how the association is overseen, use of assets, and the nature of social administrations it gives to its customers among others. The new overseeing chief ought to be in a situation to meet the desires for these partners. Certain laws manage Gracia Meyer Center, which is a non-benefit association that offers types of assistance to underestimated bunches living with HIV/AIDS, for example, gay individuals. The leading group of executive ought to evaluate the potential director to decide if he/she knows about the approaches and lawful estimates that administer the administration and tasks of Gracia Meyer Center. Top-down methodology of chief assessment likewise necessitates that a powerful overseeing executive ought to have the option to rouse and create staf f inside an association (Garratt, 2003). Gracia Meyer Center is an association that utilizes a wide scope of experts including attorneys, social laborers, and human services specialists. A powerful overseeing chief who regulates the exercises of these experts ought to guarantee that their abilities are upgraded through ordinary preparing, workshops, and courses. The governing body ought to likewise survey the new overseeing chief to see whether he/she has the capability of fulfilling the necessities of all the company’s representatives. This is significant in light of the fact that an overseeing chief who fulfills the requirements of individuals who work under him forestalls low work turnover or non-appearance in the work power. Being a non-benefit association, Gracia Meyer Center additionally to a great extent relies upon volunteers. Subsequently, an overseeing chief who can fulfill the requirements of those working under him is urgent in guaranteeing high profitability insi de an association. Despite the fact that Gracia Meyer Center is a non-benefit association, the leading body of executive should in any case underscore on money related aptitudes while picking a future overseeing director.Advertising We will compose a custom report test on Performance Measures and Communicating Performance Expectations to Garcia Meyer Center explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is on the grounds that reasonable budgetary administration incredibly adds to the achievement of an association. At long last, the top-down methodology of executive assessment additionally specifies that an overseeing chief ought to be creative. The top managerial staff in their appraisal ought to guarantee that the new overseeing executive is developing (Tyagi Gupta, 2008). References Davila, T., Epstein, M. J Shelton, R. (2005). Making development work: How to oversee it, measure it, and benefit from it. Philadelphia, PA: Wharton School Publisher. Garratt, B. (2003).Th in on top: Why corporate administration matters and how to quantify and improve board execution. London: Nicholas Brealey Publisher. Tyagi, R. K Gupta, P. (2008). A total and adjusted help scorecard: Creating an incentive through continued execution improvement. Upper Saddle River, NJ: FT Press.

Designation of Phylum Cryptomycota Within Kingdom Fungi

Assignment of phylum cryptomycota inside realm parasites Introduction The cryptomycota are viewed as to be an early fanning clade of living beings, the main realized individuals are species that have a place in the family Rozella (Lara et al 2010, Jones et al 2011, James and Berbee 2012). It has been recommended due to a great extent to the measure of ecological successions gathered the phylum might be as assorted as the entire realm growths (Jones et al 2011).While Rozella were initially put in the parasitic phylum Chytridiomycota(Jones and Pang 2012), a multi-quality sub-atomic phylogeny of the Chytridiomycota discovered Rozella was in truth part of a different linage viewed as the most basal heredity inside the contagious realm (James et al 2006). Investigation of ecological DNA tests dependent on the examination of SSU RNA (little subunit ribosomal RNA genes)had uncovered 26 groupings, already obscure, which bunched near two types of Rozella remembered for the review (Lara et al 2010).Lara et al likely named this clade ‘Rozedilla' (Lara et al 2010, Jones et al 2011). Anyway this clade was extended to incorporate 40 arrangements found in marine and freshwater situations. This clade was renamed cryptomycota to mirror the situation of the gathering comparative with the organisms and its for the most part shrouded nature, as an enormous number of the phylum are just known from SSU RNA ecological reviews and their comparability in morphology and life-cycle to the Rozella is obscure (Jones et al 2011).Cryptomycota cells from freshwater tests, most outstandingly from the Washington Singer lake (Exeter University, Devon, UK, 50. 7339uN, 3. 5375uW), were imagined with fluorescence in situ hybridization methods. These objective cells were demonstrated to be little eukaryotes 3 to 5 ? meters long (Jones et al 2011). Counter-recoloring with TAT1 tubulin uncovered The objective cells fit for framing a microtubule based flagellum (see fig 1)(Jones et al 2011). Chit in was not found in any of the transforms watched, this was tried by co-recoloring with cell divider markers (calcofluor white and lectin wheat germ agglutinin).Cellulose was likewise not present (Jones et al 2011). FIG 1: Micrographs demonstrating flagella on cryptomycota cells, as distinguished by TAT1 tubulin antibody(Jones et al 2011) This investigation drove Jones et al to the end that the Cryptomycota were a halfway gathering among organism and protists. Others, for example, James and Berbee fight that †they may have lost their â€Å"dinner jacket† through intermingling. Instead of transformative intermediates, the cryptomycota might be peculiar, dissimilar growths † (James and Berbee 2012).The term †dinner jackets† here alludes to cell dividers. Whatever as Griffith, Voight and Kirk would not consider the phylum parasitic, however a non contagious opisthkonta like the Microsporidia(2011). In this article I planned to investigate the proof both f or and against the consideration of the phylum Cryptomycota in the realm growths. To do this it is essential to comprehend the attributes and life-pattern of Cryptomycota and what makes a life form some portion of the realm growths. Attributes of CryptomycotaThe known Cryptomycota :Rozella is a variety of completely parasitic species that contaminate the thalli and sporidia of Chytridiomycota , Blastocladiomycota and a few types of Oomycota. Investigation of Rozella allomycis , the main refined Rozella species has indicated it does ,in contrast to Fungi, not process cell dividers whenever during there trophic stages like Fungi anyway they display a zoosporic uniflagilate stage in which they propagate(Jones and Pang 2012) . James and Berbee showed that chitin is available in the internal cell mass of youthful spores by means of calcofluor white staining(2012).Zoospores append to receptors on the outside of its host ,entering its surface with a germ tube before building up an exposed multinucleate sporangium (Jones and Pang 2012)It is speculated that the take-up of supplements is by means of phagocytosis (Powell 1984), anyway this isn't known to be valid for all Rozella. Zoospores structure inside the host before being touchy released from exit papillae(Jones and Pang 2012) . Jones et al's perception of Cryptomycota cells demonstrate a specific comparability to the life-pattern of Rozella.Three life stage cycles were watched (fig 2), a zoosporic uniflagelate transform ,a non-whip growth transform and a parasitic transform where the living being is joined to a host diatom . Jones et al concede, be that as it may, that phases in the life-cycle are probably going to have been missed in their examination and because of the decent variety of the Cryptomycota, the life-cycle is probably not going to speak to the whole of the gathering (2011). Chitin was not found in any of the stages watched (Jones et al 2011) FIG 2:Putative Cryptomycota skeleton life-cycle (Jones et al 2011)Are Cryptomycota parasites? The penguin word reference of science characterizes Fungi as a realm of eukaryotic primarilary acellular living beings regularly sorted out into tube shaped hypha . Their nourishment is osmotrophic and never phagotrophic . Hyphal dividers are described by chitin and ? - glucans (2004). Cryptomycota varies extraordinarily from this standard meaning of a growths by not handling a cell divider ,framing hyphae and is probably going to be phagotrophic. There are different life forms that are remembered for the realm growths that don't fit with these definitions .For instance yeasts duplicate by maturing and are not sorted out into hypha. Zoospores are a mutual trademark with zoosporic genuine parasites and in many phylogenies developed Cryptomycota are basal to growths. Data on the existence cycle stages is deficient , it is conceivable a few instances of cryptomycota process a chitinous cell divider at some phase in their life-cycles (Jones et al 2011 ). As a great deal is unsure about the cryptomycota it is difficult to incorporate or bar them from the realm growths and it appears to be untimely to name them the most basal organisms .As James and Berbee propose the departure of a chitinous cell divider might be an optional adjustment to parasitism not sign of a basal parasites (2012). Nearly anything could be seen and much needs as before they can be characterized as evident organisms, for example, perception of cell division and assurance whether individuals from cryptomycota are phagotrophic or not. What is sure that if this phylum is remembered for the realm parasites , the definition for the entire gathering must change.

Music Composition During Baroque and Renaissance Times - 1100 Words

Music Composition During Baroque and Renaissance Times (Essay Sample) Content: Name:Instructor: Course:Date: Baroque and renaissance improvisationEuropean culture has developed over many centuries. Various components define the civilization such as philosophy, literature, art, and most remarkably, music. Historians use unique names to differentiate the eras and trends associated with the periods. Baroque period started from 1600 to 1750 after J.S Bach passed away. He had a reputation of the greatest musician of the time. Initially, Baroque composition had an adverse meaning as it insinuated bad taste. The term derives from a word that implies asymmetrical shape. However, the negative perception of the songs genre has become positive. In fact, many enthusiasts of the composition still uphold the seventeenth and eighteenth-century styles. On the other hand, Renaissance symphony refers to music composed in Europe between 1400 and 1600s. The primary elements that motivated the development of the oeuvre are similar to the ones that shaped the Early M odern epoch. Examples of such issues include reformation of Protestants, commercial enterprise growth, enhanced discovery and innovation, as well as the resurgence of the artistic and literary heritage of the primordial Greece. The essay describes the Baroque and Renaissance improvisation, and the key dissimilarity between the eons (Wegman 410).Renaissance InventivenessThe discovery of music printing at the onset of the sixteenth century enhanced comprehensive recording of improvisation customs. The documents are available as published guidebooks, specifically in Italy. One of the major strides in music development was substantiation of the composer function in the last half of the fifteenth century. Previously, singers were collectively called improvisers or makers. However, older manuals did not provide details of the improvised issues of the approach the artists used. In 1997, Jessie Ann Owens provided additional evidence to prove that Renaissance musicians did not apply scores i n their composition. Modern anthropologists state that the existing autograph manuscripts and treatises about the practice is convincing (Davison and Willi 34).Another significant growth milestone in Renaissance Symphony is style revolution. The imitative texture grew massively towards the end of the fifteenth century. Researchers indicate that peak imitation interval occurred the inception of motets that Petrucci published from 1502 to 1508. Peter Schubert archived that improvisable canon in four voices was practicable. Further studies revealed that the canonic model was the most widely used four-voice imitation points (Cuming 2).Counterpoint also originated in the Renaissance treatises. However, Schubert contended that the name did not refer to written composition, but it means applied polyphony for artists. He constantly sought to understand the things that singers could improvise as well as the approach they followed. The approach to counterpoint, as applied in polyphony, comple tely differs with the regular understanding of the counterpoint (Cuming 4). For instance, Johann Joseph Fuxs Gradus ad Parnassum portrays it as the least intuitive, but the highest controlled written genre. Canon is a form arcane, and it is a very complex to make. As a result, only the guru musicians could create it (Hoffer 18).Baroque EraProfessional orchestras in the Baroque time were inexistent; thus, the quality of music was not impressive compared to contemporary entertainment. Many singers worked in professions that were unrelated to the leisure industry hence it could take an artist a lot of time to perfect musical expertise (Wegman 412).Ornamentation of vocals is another common phenomenon. Composers include content such as rhyme that makes the final work impressive to listen. Artists also use crude instruments to match specific sounds. Normally, the composition style utilizes intricate forms and excessive decoration, as well as other contrasting elements to produce movement, tension, or drama (Wegman 419).The lyrics also created have a tonal center and rely heavily on the systematic harmony. Singers discover the importance of chords on tonal axis, and they begin to apply the knowledge. On the other hand, lyricists devise methods of music modulation that made it more interesting (Chung, Brian, and Dennis 206).Baroque music shares similar elements with the Renaissance art such as the intense application of counterpoint and polyphony. Nevertheless, the techniques differ. One of the significant divergences between the styles is the fact that Baroque music strives to create a great deal of emotions than the Renaissance melodies. In addition, the former category represents exacting feelings such grief, exultation, piety, and affection. Renaissance tunes produced even flow with no metrical cadence; therefore, it contrasts with its successor that is anchored in beat model (Hoffer 92).Baroque Epoch InnovationPerforming artists involved in ancient music revival are often fascinated by the embellishment of the seventeenth and eighteenth-century lyrics. A large body of proof shows that the new performance style was better than its predecessor was because professionals had improved concerto knowledge such as notation, instrumentation and written literature (Davison and Willi 49). Features such as basso continuo accompaniment enhanced recitalists versatility in presentation of their content. For instance, a skilled vocalist could assist new composers to learn from the content created by seasoned persons (Hoffer 24).Music Composition Differences Between the Baroque and Renaissance Times Renaissance period Baroque time Addresses isolated issues with high clarity that spectators can understand easily. It does not strive to create a mental picture to the target group Words and rhythm focuses on creating an impressive appeal to the listener Used normal objects that humans relates with on daily basis Incorporates strange styles accompanied by ornate embellishment. Creativity extends to singing lyrics being based on elaborate abstract ideologies Creates worldwide appeal Develops extrem... Music Composition During Baroque and Renaissance Times - 1100 Words Music Composition During Baroque and Renaissance Times (Essay Sample) Content: Name:Instructor: Course:Date: Baroque and renaissance improvisationEuropean culture has developed over many centuries. Various components define the civilization such as philosophy, literature, art, and most remarkably, music. Historians use unique names to differentiate the eras and trends associated with the periods. Baroque period started from 1600 to 1750 after J.S Bach passed away. He had a reputation of the greatest musician of the time. Initially, Baroque composition had an adverse meaning as it insinuated bad taste. The term derives from a word that implies asymmetrical shape. However, the negative perception of the songs genre has become positive. In fact, many enthusiasts of the composition still uphold the seventeenth and eighteenth-century styles. On the other hand, Renaissance symphony refers to music composed in Europe between 1400 and 1600s. The primary elements that motivated the development of the oeuvre are similar to the ones that shaped the Early M odern epoch. Examples of such issues include reformation of Protestants, commercial enterprise growth, enhanced discovery and innovation, as well as the resurgence of the artistic and literary heritage of the primordial Greece. The essay describes the Baroque and Renaissance improvisation, and the key dissimilarity between the eons (Wegman 410).Renaissance InventivenessThe discovery of music printing at the onset of the sixteenth century enhanced comprehensive recording of improvisation customs. The documents are available as published guidebooks, specifically in Italy. One of the major strides in music development was substantiation of the composer function in the last half of the fifteenth century. Previously, singers were collectively called improvisers or makers. However, older manuals did not provide details of the improvised issues of the approach the artists used. In 1997, Jessie Ann Owens provided additional evidence to prove that Renaissance musicians did not apply scores i n their composition. Modern anthropologists state that the existing autograph manuscripts and treatises about the practice is convincing (Davison and Willi 34).Another significant growth milestone in Renaissance Symphony is style revolution. The imitative texture grew massively towards the end of the fifteenth century. Researchers indicate that peak imitation interval occurred the inception of motets that Petrucci published from 1502 to 1508. Peter Schubert archived that improvisable canon in four voices was practicable. Further studies revealed that the canonic model was the most widely used four-voice imitation points (Cuming 2).Counterpoint also originated in the Renaissance treatises. However, Schubert contended that the name did not refer to written composition, but it means applied polyphony for artists. He constantly sought to understand the things that singers could improvise as well as the approach they followed. The approach to counterpoint, as applied in polyphony, comple tely differs with the regular understanding of the counterpoint (Cuming 4). For instance, Johann Joseph Fuxs Gradus ad Parnassum portrays it as the least intuitive, but the highest controlled written genre. Canon is a form arcane, and it is a very complex to make. As a result, only the guru musicians could create it (Hoffer 18).Baroque EraProfessional orchestras in the Baroque time were inexistent; thus, the quality of music was not impressive compared to contemporary entertainment. Many singers worked in professions that were unrelated to the leisure industry hence it could take an artist a lot of time to perfect musical expertise (Wegman 412).Ornamentation of vocals is another common phenomenon. Composers include content such as rhyme that makes the final work impressive to listen. Artists also use crude instruments to match specific sounds. Normally, the composition style utilizes intricate forms and excessive decoration, as well as other contrasting elements to produce movement, tension, or drama (Wegman 419).The lyrics also created have a tonal center and rely heavily on the systematic harmony. Singers discover the importance of chords on tonal axis, and they begin to apply the knowledge. On the other hand, lyricists devise methods of music modulation that made it more interesting (Chung, Brian, and Dennis 206).Baroque music shares similar elements with the Renaissance art such as the intense application of counterpoint and polyphony. Nevertheless, the techniques differ. One of the significant divergences between the styles is the fact that Baroque music strives to create a great deal of emotions than the Renaissance melodies. In addition, the former category represents exacting feelings such grief, exultation, piety, and affection. Renaissance tunes produced even flow with no metrical cadence; therefore, it contrasts with its successor that is anchored in beat model (Hoffer 92).Baroque Epoch InnovationPerforming artists involved in ancient music revival are often fascinated by the embellishment of the seventeenth and eighteenth-century lyrics. A large body of proof shows that the new performance style was better than its predecessor was because professionals had improved concerto knowledge such as notation, instrumentation and written literature (Davison and Willi 49). Features such as basso continuo accompaniment enhanced recitalists versatility in presentation of their content. For instance, a skilled vocalist could assist new composers to learn from the content created by seasoned persons (Hoffer 24).Music Composition Differences Between the Baroque and Renaissance Times Renaissance period Baroque time Addresses isolated issues with high clarity that spectators can understand easily. It does not strive to create a mental picture to the target group Words and rhythm focuses on creating an impressive appeal to the listener Used normal objects that humans relates with on daily basis Incorporates strange styles accompanied by ornate embellishment. Creativity extends to singing lyrics being based on elaborate abstract ideologies Creates worldwide appeal Develops extrem...

Responsibility and Personal Growth in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows - Literature Essay Samples

In Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, it immediately becomes apparent exactly how much Harry Potter has grown since the first book in the series. In the beginning of the novel, Harry looks around 4 Privet Drive, his childhood home, and reflects on how he has grown since he first discovered he was a wizard. Soon after this reflection, Harry talks with the Dursleys, who are upset and angry about having to leave their home. It is only when Dudley Dursley, Harry’s cousin and long time bully, says he wants to go into hiding that his parents agree to flee to safety, and during this decision, Dudley says to Harry, â€Å"I don’t think youre a waste of space† (Rowling 40), and it is with these words that Dudley makes one of the first acts of responsibility and personal sacrifice seen in the book. Dudley convinces his parents to make a responsible decision and protect themselves from Voldemort, and sacrifices his reputation with his parents to apologize to Harry in his own way. This act shows just how much Dudley has matured through the series, and introduces the major theme of the novel: responsibility through sacrifice. This theme appears multiple times in Harry Potter and The Deathly Hallows, with great importance to both the plot, and Harry’s journey into adulthood. According to a study done by the University of Massachusetts, society views â€Å"responsibility for self† and â€Å"responsibility for others† (Lowe 7) as two of the most important aspects of adulthood. These two aspects explain the decisions the three main characters make while hunting for horcruxes and trying to defeat Voldemort. For Harry, he feels personally responsible as the one who must kill Voldemort because he is the Chosen One, and Dumbledore tasked him with finding and destroying the horcruxes before he died. This is made clear when he says to Aberforth, â€Å"Your brother knew how to finish You-Know-Who and he passed the knowledge on to me. I’m going to keep going until I succeed – or I die. Don’t think I don’t know how this might end. I’ve known it for years† (Rowling 568-569) He also feels responsible to his loved ones and the wizarding community as the only one who can protect them from Voldemort, which is implie d when he states â€Å"sometimes you’ve got to think about more than your own safety! Sometimes you’ve got to think about the greater good! (Rowling 568). For Ron, he feels personally responsible as a pure-blood to protect those with impure blood from Voldemort’s regime, as exemplified by his disdain of the word â€Å"mudblood† (Rowling 489), and fierce protection of Hermione. And for Hermione, she feels a responsibility to protect herself and other muggleborns. Due to her activism in matters like S.P.E.W., Hermione likely also feels responsible for house-elves, goblins, and other non-wizard races that would be in danger under Voldemort’s regime, which is made apparent when she says to Griphook the Goblin, â€Å"We protest! And I’m hunted quite as much as any goblin or elf, Griphook! I’m a Mudblood Mudblood, and proud of it! I’ve got no higher position under this new order than you have, Griphook!† (Rowling 489) Because of these responsibilities, Harry, Ron, and Hermione each make sacrifices to help them succeed on their quest. Harry ends his relationship with Ginny Weasley in order to focus on his mission to stop Voldemort, and to protect her from danger (Rowling 117). Hermione erases the memories of her parents and sends them to Australia to protect them as well (Rowling 96-97). And Ron leaves his family and the cozy lifestyle he had grown accustomed to in order to help Harry (Rowling 99). The sacrifices made by these three characters are truly indicative of the level of maturity they have obtained. If this were their first or second year, it is unlikely they would have been able to make these choices and live up to these responsibilities. But since the trio are now adults, they are capable of making these difficult decisions in order to do what is necessary to finally defeat Voldemort. Another great example of the relationship between responsibility and adulthood can be found when Harry is told the Tale of The Three Brothers. In the novel, the tale is meant to introduce the the concept of the Deathly Hallows. However, the tale also serves as an allegory about behaving maturely towards death. In the story, three brothers narrowly escape Death, and as a reward, Death grants them each a gift:So the oldest brother, who was a combative man, asked for a wand more powerful than any in existence: a wand that must always win duels for its owner, a wand worthy of a wizard who had conquered DeathThen the second brother, who was an arrogant man, decided that he wanted to humiliate Death still further, and asked for the power to recall others from DeathAnd then Death asked the third and youngest brother what he would like. The youngest brother was the humblest and also the wisest of the brothers, and he did not trust Death. So he asked for something that would enable him to go forth from that place without being followed by Death. And Death, most unwillingly, handed over his own Cloak of Invisibility. (Rowling 407-408) The moral of the tale is that the only way to defeat death is to be mature and accept him with open arms. The first two brothers are irresponsible, and seek to gain power and humiliate others. This attitude towards responsibility are exemplified in Dumbledore and his dark past. When Albus Dumbledore’s mother died, Dumbledore came home to take care of his sick, younger sister Ariana. However, instead of focusing on taking care of Ariana, he made plans for world domination with Gellert Grindelwald. Dumbledore’s desire for power caused him to ignore his responsibilities to his family. In his own words, â€Å"I wanted to escape, I wanted to shine, I wanted gloryI was selfish, Harry, more selfish than you, who are a remarkably selfless person, could possibly imagine† (Rowling 715-716). Because Dumbledore refused to swallow h is pride and temporarily sacrifice his access to power to take care of his family, he became indirectly responsible for the death of Ariana. Ariana’s death forced Albus to realize how important his responsibilities to others were, and marked the point where he gave up trying to become powerful and truly entered adulthood. The difference between Dumbledore and Harry is that Harry, unlike Dumbledore, immediately understands the responsibility he has to others. As Dumbledore states: â€Å"the true master does not seek to run away from Death. He accepts that he must die, and understands that there are far, far worse things in the living world than dying† (Rowling 720-721). Harry sacrificing himself to defeat Voldemort as his parents and mentors tell him he is â€Å"so brave† and they are â€Å"so proud of [him]† (Rowling 701) is the clearest evidence that Harry is now an adult. He understands that he is responsible for defeating Voldemort, and does what is necessary to accomplish that goal. This theme of becoming a responsible adult and sacrificing yourself for others is truly universal. It even appears in the first ever Western literary work, The Epic of Gilgamesh:Like the brother who wants the all-powerful sword, Gilgamesh sees himself as invincible, a fighter who cannot be beaten. Like the brother who wants the stone that brings loved ones back from the dead, Gilgamesh wishes he could resurrect his friend Enkidu. But after much exploration and consideration, Gilgamesh makes the same choice as the brother who takes the cloak that makes him invisible to Death; both men accept their mortality in the end and go peacefully to their deaths. (Whited 321)This theme is so universal, because everyone grows up and is faced with responsibilities. Harry Potter sacrificing himself in order to save the wizarding world is a massive sign that he is now an adult. He is able to make important decisions about his responsibilities, and do what is right for the people he loves. Work Cited Rowling, J.K. Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows. London: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2007. Print. Lowe, Sarah R. â€Å"Defining Adult Experiences: Perspectives of a Diverse Sample of Young Adults† Journal of adolescent research vol. 28,1 (2012): 31-68. Web. Whited, Lana A. â€Å"From Sorcerer’s Stone to Deathly Hallows: The Failed Quest for Immortality in the Harry Potter Series.† The Harry Potter Series, edited by Lana A. Whited and M. Katherine Grimes, Salem; Grey House, 2015, pp. 306–325. EBSCOhost, felix.albright.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com.felix.albright.edu/login.aspx?direct=truedb=mzhAN=2018580939site=ehost-live.

Summary Of On Being An Atheist - 1341 Words

For many years theists and atheists have argued with one another over the existence of a creator, or God. H.J. McCloskey published his thoughts on the matter in a journal article in 1968 titled â€Å"On Being an Atheist†. In his article McCloskey aims to discredit cosmological and teleological arguments for a creator and he uses the existence of evil in the world as evidence that a divine creator cannot exist. McCloskey routinely refers to the cosmological and teleological arguments as believers’ â€Å"proof† of God’s existence; however, this is not an accurate statement. (McCloskey, 1968) Foreman points out in his presentation; we cannot provide certain proof of many things and just because something cannot be proven does not mean that it is not a justified belief. Rather than seeking proof of God’s existence we should find the best explanation for things. Regularly the field of science and the legal system gather multiple points that support an argument to arrive at the best explanation. (Foreman, Approaching the Question of God s Existence, 2014) In his writing, McCloskey states that the general basis of the cosmological argument, â€Å"the existence of God from the existence of the cosmos†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Theists argue however that the contingency of all things in the universe support the cosmological argument; more simply stated there is no obvious answer as to why there is anything at all, therefore, something must have created it. (Evans Manis) Additionally McCloskey claims that theShow MoreRelatedApologetics Application Paper Part 2 Submission Form Jeremy Story861 Words   |  4 Pagesthe criterian for worldview evaluation. 2. Complete Outline of Final Paper: I. Introduction II. Summary of the Atheistic Naturalism Worldview A. Belief about ultimate reality is that everything that can be seen came from matter. 1. Same matter that humans come from. 2. Same matter that material things come from. B. Belief about the source of authority is an agreed upon set of ethics. 1. Many atheists use this rational to state that the code of ethics that they live by are common among religious peopleRead MoreDavid Foster Wallace Commencement Speech Summary1564 Words   |  7 PagesSummary of Wallace’s Commencement Address In the 2005 commencement address at Kenyon College, David Foster Wallace delivered an unusual message to the graduates. He uses a unique approach to the typical conventions of a commencement speech in order to catch the attention of the graduates and to reinforce the honesty of his message. By defying their expectations, he urges them to consider their own obliviousness and to look past their own natural biases in order to see what’s truly right in frontRead MoreWhat Are The Charges Against Socrates?1019 Words   |  5 Pagescharged him of an Atheist i.e. disbelief in gods. He confessed that he does believe in the gods but questioned their abilities, and admitted that he lives his life by the words of some sort of higher being, or spirits. He cross-examined Meletus, and concluded that Meletus was contradicting his own statement by accusing him of familiarizing people with new and strange religions and at the same time declared that he is an atheist. This statement of him also reassures that he is not an atheist as he said,Read MoreThe Case For Christ By Lee Strobel1305 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Award-winning journalist, Lee Strobel wrote The Case for Christ to retrace and expand his journey toward becoming a Christian. Strobel once declared atheist, and now Christian, shares how he began to look upon the Bible and God. As an atheist, Strobel lived the life of selfishness and only worried to please himself. When his wife began to go to church he wasn’t very pleased until after he saw the positive and attractive change in her. This is the start of his curiosity and investigationRead MoreSummary Therapists Integration Of Religion And Spirituality921 Words   |  4 PagesSummary-Therapists Integration of Religion Spirituality In this article, there were a 26 survey conducted with 5,579 therapists with the integration of religion and spirituality in counseling. In the study, most therapist consider spirituality through their lives, but does not infrequently participate in religious activities. In the study, it was founded that marriage therapists consider more spirituality during their counseling session than other therapists, and marriage therapists is more likelyRead MoreJustin Martyr Essay942 Words   |  4 Pagesrumours made about Christians, chapters 4-13 consist of the charges against Christianity. Justin repudiates the charges of cannibalism and incest. Justin in the 1st apology also attacks the pagan charge of atheism; he also states that Christians are atheists when it comes to worshiping pagan Gods. But not with respect to the most true God Chapters 61-67 contain lots of information on baptism and Eucharist. Justin went into the detail of what happens at these meetings, this was to show people thatRead MoreThe Selfish Gene917 Words   |  4 Pages  -Strong Atheist      - â€Å"he conveys his opinion that evolution is correct without question† (Miletic). #3: Philosophical -Strongly believes in Science proving evolution †¢#2: Educational      -Education in biology      Doctorate in Philosophy, Master of Arts #4: Professional -Evolutionary biologist, affects writing Loading... Central Claims †¢Natural Selection  ¡People survive by natural selfishness, because their genes compete to survive. †¢Evolution  ¡Darwin’s Theory Book Summary †¢The SelfishRead MoreWhy John Locke is the Greatest Philosopher of all Time1413 Words   |  6 Pagesand fundamental problems raised by philosophy like realism, being, knowledge, ideals, reason, mind and language. Furthermore, some of his theories have been criticized other philosophers. Theories of religious tolerance Locke’s reasoning on religious tolerance was classic, from his reasoning three major essential arguments were formulated; one of the arguments is concern with the earthly judges, it states that; the states and human beings cannot dependably evaluate the truth claims of competing religiousRead MoreComm 101 Persuasive Speech Outline1453 Words   |  6 PagesIV. Thesis Statement In today’s world more and more people are choosing to live life without Christ and many people are even claiming to be atheist more now than ever before. Due to this, there is more pain and suffering in the world and sadly there is more death. V. Preview Statement I will validate this statement by discussing how lives are being destroyed and more and more people are facing a life filled with pain and suffering because they are not allowing God into their hearts. Transition:Read MoreAn Assignment For Biblical Worldview796 Words   |  4 Pagesworld. The man he is interacting with on this issue then ask if there was a God why would there be so much evil in the world? Then Vines remarks that for there to something called evil then there is a God because it implies the presence of a higher being. This chapter supports the thesis. In Chapter Two he was addressed with the question if God was so good, so kind, and gracious, the why would he allow so much pain in the world ? Have you seen the pictures of the starving children? Where is loving